Advantages to a Rigorous Approach to Environmental Virtue Ethics Essay Example For Students

Focal points to a Rigorous Approach to Environmental Virtue Ethics Essay A decent moral hypothesis requires both sensible meticulousness and natural intrigue to give a viable instrument to understanding what is correct and what's going on. In the field of ecological morals, there has been huge grant in building up an obligation morals dependent on the inborn estimation of nature, most eminently by Paul Taylor. Taylor without a doubt gives a consistently clear contention to securing the earth by expanding on the standards he calls the biocentric viewpoint (Taylor, 99). While this grant has been useful in offering a clarification for what the individuals who esteem the earth instinctively perceive, some have seen that it doesn't give positive responses to how we should live (Cafaro, 31). Ideals ethicists, then again, have explicitly tended to this inquiry (Sandler, 6), and the outcome is a truly available hypothesis that looks back to the exemplary naturalists like Thoreau (Cafaro). Ecological excellence morals has its own issues, be that as it may; some of the time appears that goodness ethicists are esteeming human â€Å"flourishing† or â€Å"experiences of wonder† before the regular habitat they’re professing to maintain (Rolston, 70). This paper endeavors to give a structure to tending to this investigate of natural righteousness morals by characterizing the restrictions of regulating moral frameworks and sketching out rules for ecological ideals just as a portion of the focal points an arrangement of ethicalness morals has over other moral methodologies. Moral Systems So as to examine an arrangement of ecological temperance morals, it is important to figure out what we mean when we discuss a moral framework. Morals is a â€Å"branch of theory worried about the idea of extreme worth and the norms by which human activities can be passed judgment on right or wrong.† (Britan. . ?dia Britannica. 2007. Encyclop?dia Britannica Online. 9 Apr. 2007 com/eb/article-9106054>. Holmes Rolston III, â€Å"Environmental Virtue Ethics: Half the Truth, however Dangerous as a Whole†, Environmental Virtue Ethics, pp. 61-78 (Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2005) Ronald Sandler, â€Å"Introduction: Environmental Virtue Ethics†, Environmental Virtue Ethics, pp. 1-12 (Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2005) Ronald Sandler, â€Å"A Virtue Ethics Perspective on Genetically Modified Crops†, Environmental Virtue Ethics, pp. 215-242 (Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2005) Paul W. Taylor, Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986) Diminish Wenz, â€Å"Synergistic Environmental Virtues: Consumerism and Human Flourishing†, Environmental Virtue Ethics, pp. 197-213, (Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2005)

Access to Health Care Essay Example

Access to Health Care Essay Access to human services alludes to the individual’s capacity to get and utilize required administrations (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to social insurance influences a large number of individuals. Uninsured, underinsured, older, lower financial class, minorities, and individuals that live in remote territories are at the most elevated hazard for absence of access to medicinal services. There are likewise prudent and political jobs that entangle access to medicinal services. Access to medicinal services is a multi-faceted idea including geographic, financial matters, or sociocultural issues. With my broad research on access to medicinal services, I plan to give impacts in regards to; who is influenced by absence of access, geographic, financial, sociocultural access, and political, legitimate and moral ramifications. Prudent and political access to social insurance is in colossal discussion at present, from human services change, Medicare, and Medicaid. Efficient and political access influences the majority of the populace. Monetary access is regularly reliant on having a wellbeing plan or being qualified for one of the administration programs (Ellis Hartley, 2008). The U. S Census Bureau appraises that almost 50. 7 million Americans don't right now have medical coverage (p. 24). Since the time its initiation, access to social insurance has been a vigorously discussed point both on a government and state level. The contention has been made for the execution of medicinal services change because of the expanding number of uninsured and underinsured American residents. The World Health Organization (2006) evaluated that, â€Å"the best quality of wellbeing ought to be close enough to all, without differentiation of race, religion, political conviction, and monetary or social condition† (para. ). Ellis and Hartley (2008) call attention to, private insurance agencies raise deductibles and co-installments in endeavor to get patients to utilize benefits astutely. This sounds incredible in principle; be that as it may, lower salary families may defer or stay away from auspicious consideration. Uninsured and underinsured residents are discovering it incr edibly hard to pay for protection premiums and deductibles. This restrains the consideration they can get, and at which organizations they approach. We will compose a custom article test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer American residents with earlier basic wellbeing conditions or different issues are compelled to pay costly human services premiums, along these lines, keeping people from lower financial statuses to manage the cost of medical coverage. In 2007, 62. 1% of all insolvencies were clinical; 92% of these clinical account holders had clinical obligations over $5000 (American Journal of Medicine, 2009). Political impact assumes a tremendous job in access to social insurance; with medicinal services change, Americans can approach gain the inclusion required for legitimate human services. Nonetheless, concurring upon what human services change will comprise of has been of specific contention among political pioneers. Democrats and Republicans have since a long time ago neglected to concur upon a common agreement with respect to the future social insurance change. This long-standing distinction in philosophy between these restricting groups has made passing new human services enactment troublesome. Another answer for access to social insurance that has been proposed is, normalizing human services. Normalizing national medical coverage won't be a simple procedure. Various private-area insurance agencies have a monetarily personal stake with their purchasers. Nationalizing medicinal services would put the central government as an immediate contender against these organizations. U. S. residents would have the choice on buying private protection or protection offered by the administration, which could eventually influence private corporations’ result. Another gathering with enthusiasm for change and influenced by constrained access to human services is, maturing American residents. The older will see an intense change in their Medicare benefits because of the administration cutting almost $500 billion from the Medicare program (Himmelstein, Thorne, and Warren, 2009). This adjustment in advantages could cost senior residents considerably more for similar administrations gave before the social insurance change. Social insurance change is significantly expected to help the monetarily depleting Medicare framework. The developing concern with respect to the budgetary security of Medicare is one quite compelling to the about 72 million gen X-ers that become qualified for this administration helped, and citizen supported, program throughout the following two decades. As indicated by the U. S. Statistics Bureau (2010), there will be a fast increment in children of post war America somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2030, as the whole person born after WW2 populace move into the 65 years and over classification (p. 3). Political and budgetary updates must be made to guarantee the security of Medicare as the quantities of people paying into this program are destined to be outperformed by the quantity of people drawing-off this program (U. S. Enumeration Bureau, 2010). The older are likewise off guard with transportation to human services visits, getting solutions, and recovery administrations. There should be a foundation of access not exclusively to essential consideration suppliers, clinics, and recovery administrations, however access to different parts of the human services framework for the older populace. Sociocultural contrasts, as indicated by Ellis and Hartley (2008), likewise influence get to. On the off chance that a patient feels awkward in a human services setting identified with their financial status or they feel their convictions are not regarded, they are reluctant to utilize administrations given (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Mindfulness and affectability to various ways of life and convictions can diminish misguided judgments and limit hindrances that meddle with ideal arrangement of patient-focused consideration and administrations. By working through built up network standards, building trust, and successfully applying social competency methods; access will be inside better reach. The Amish people group is very enormous in southwest Missouri; the Amish trust in regular mending, and the Amish people group has a state if treatment will or won't be given. This is a case of regarding their â€Å"cultural† standard. As indicated by, Sharpnack, Griffin, Benders, Fitzpatrick (2010), â€Å"Spiritual and elective social insurance rehearses exist in all customs and societies, testing the suppositions and care models utilized by human services suppliers for societies outside the mainstream† (para. 1). Data about the decent variety and commonness of practices in various societies should be routed to think about the patient as a â€Å"whole. Language obstruction among patients and social insurance suppliers additionally place restricts on access to human services. It is essential for human services suppliers to regard social contrasts and endeavor to give interpretation benefits, and give composed material in more than one language. Land access to medicinal services is additionally a worry with respect to access to human services. Provincial territory clinics are thinking that its harder to contend and oversee monetarily; this is prompting a few terminations of medical clinics (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to social insurance in a provincial network is likewise constrained by absence of rehearsing doctors and administrations being accessible in one territory (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to medicinal services in urban regions has cause for worry too; monetarily discouraged regions of enormous urban areas have less social insurance suppliers (Ellis Hartley, 2008). As indicated by Hansen-Turton, Bailey, Torres, and Ritter (2010), â€Å"The deficiency of essential consideration doctors who care for grown-ups (in inside medication and family medication) is anticipated to arrive at 35,000 to 44,000 by 2025. † (p. 23) There have been extraordinary advances in the mechanical part of medication. Access to social insurance by method of electronic clinical records (EMRs) has opened the entryway for coherence of care. The EMR adds to a typical stage between various parts, for example, lab, radiology, requesting and results, electronic endorsing, clinic results and other documentation. This thus has made it simpler to connect a patients information and present it at the purpose of care. At the point when joined with the capacity to standardize information from numerous sources and effectively get to it over the Web, it empowers suppliers to profit by a total patient-focused record that makes a brought together, ceaselessly refreshed perspective on every patient consideration scene. As indicated by, Uzma, Mitchell, Day, and Hardin (2008), Electronic clinical records contain data on all parts of medicinal services. Human services data frameworks gather a lot of literary and numeric data about patients, visits, medicines, doctor notes and so forth. The electronic archives exemplify data that could prompt improvement in medicinal services quality, advancement of clinical and research activities, decrease in clinical mistakes and decrease in social insurance costs. (p. 52). With the headway of the EMR, a few emergency clinics are permitting patients to approach their own clinical records. As indicated by Frampton, Horowitz, and Stumpo (2009), â€Å"Open clinical record essentially signifies a formalized method of permitting patients to get to their clinical records. Its piece of a way of thinking of care dependent on the possibility that patients ought to have the decision to be associated with their care† (p. 59). An extra progression in innovation in social insurance get to is telehealth. Innovation has now permitted medical caretaker and doctors to â€Å"see† patients in their home by method of TV. â€Å"A National Library of Medicine audit revealed that 50,000 families were utilizing telecare benefits in 2006, and the number was expanding quickly. Most U. S. telemonitoring programs are for homebound more established grown-ups, veterans, or

but her emails

but her emails It is summer, and I have zero01 virtually, i.e. Im still blogging and stuff but there are not currently any urgent MIT-related items that require action on my part responsibilities at MIT for the first time ever in my 3+ years here. The early-mid-late-semester Stress that normally sits on my shoulders02 I really need to work on my posture is locked in a storage unit in Charlestown, waiting for me to unpack it again in August. One of the many things Stress made difficult was responding promptly to important emails. As anyone who knows Stress can attest, not responding to emails makes Stress get heavier. Oddly enough, now that Stress and I are on separate coasts, I have begun to crave emails.03 I have also begun to crave metaphor. Just when I got the time to respond to them, they stopped showing up. Im sitting here in a corporate coffee shop chain, typing on my laptop, Cynthia A Harris Outlook Web App open in the background. watching always watching Its gotten bad enough that I have begun to send unprompted emails. The first one was to a Herff Jones representative.04 I lost my silver brass rat in January and havent started the process to get it replaced yet :/ The second one was a soft complaint to SFS05 some concern about award adjustment for the uninsured as well as jobs at MIT being counted as part of the award; basically stuff Ive been disgruntled about since before I even got to campus about what is included in a financial aid award. The latter made me reflect on other emails Ive sent as an adult and thus supplied the impetus for this post. (Editors note: After finishing this post, I decided to check if this has been written about before. Of course, as with many of my (non-admissions blog) post ideas, Vice already did it. The Vice article arrived at a different conclusion that I dont disagree with, but I think since my post is sort of personal and not necessarily intended to be generalized, everything should be fine.) After some reflection, Ive come up with three reasons why it is hard for me to compose, revise, and send emails. I do not want to come across as bitchy in my emails.I do not know how not to Feel, Think, or have things Seem To Me. I am self-conscious about the number of Is in my writing. According to my own personal psychoanalysis,06 p a t h o l o g y these issues stem from an inability to be assertive the correct amount at the correct times in the correct ways. As I dug down to Frasier Crane levels of depth,07 tfw your boyfriend had Cheers playing in the background for the entire month of April I came to the conclusion that this may be a symptom of my battle with being a woman in society.08 Important caveat: This is regarding my personal experience, as Im sure its not just Women who have these feelings, nor do even Women necessarily feel this way as a result of their Womanhood. In fact, I expressed these thoughts to a Man friend who related to a lot of these points, which makes me think this may just be a broader human experience thing. Gender roles are tattooed in the folds of my pretty little dainty little baby pink brain, and I think that everyone, however subconsciously, is judging my actions as compared to the archetypal Woman. Its usually Women who are labelled bitchy. Women are stereotypically people of pathos who naturally communicate with I Feel statements. Self-confident Women are only a few Is away from being vain or narcissistic Women. I never felt this fear in high school, but back then I sent way fewer emails09 Incoming students: prepare your Delete finger for the onslaught that is dormspam and knew the recipients understood that they were corresponding with a Child, not an Adult Woman. I like being a woman! I think the stereotypical womanly empathy is an attribute mankind should strive for. But I want to be a woman whose opinions and comments arent disregarded due to implicit biases. From birth we are forced to compete. I cant fix10 we live in a society, man any of this myself, but here are some things Im trying out. Postscripts to Clarify Intent I am the new desk captain at MacGregor, meaning I get to send a lot of passive aggressive emails about people doing things incorrectly. I just got the job, and fear that a combination of dry, slightly irritated emails and my down-turned mouth corners will contribute to my bitchy reputation. I dont want that. In light of this, I have embarked on a new pilot campaign: just add a not intended to be bitchy clause at the end of the email! recipient name redacted bc I luv 2 redacc and also 2 protecc anonymity The only real issue Ive had with this is I dont know how to do this for emails to adults who would be offended at me using the word bitchy. Drop your suggestions in the comments! For now Ill just painstakingly read over those emails extra closely to make sure theyre nice. Just Go Through and Delete Pheel-y Phrases I feel like starting sentences with opinion qualifier phrases is an empathetic and understanding way to communicate. However, I think it dampens the forcefulness of your statements a bit. It seems to me that people take your thoughts more seriously when you declare rather than suggest. Starting sentences with opinion qualifier phrases is an empathetic and understanding way to communicate. However, it dampens the forcefulness of your statements a bit. People take your thoughts more seriously when you declare rather than suggest. Honestly, I dont know if thats necessarily true. I think and I feel do not need to be removed from standard usage; theyre useful. But when Im writing something that is supposed to be a sort of call to action,11 or much more commonly when Im reading someone/something for filth I go through and cut anything that might suggest Im expressing an opinion not a fact. I do not know when I became an expert on rhetoric, but this approach works for me when I occasionally have to ASSERT. Unless You Start Every Sentence with I, No One Is Going to Notice It This one is more of a mind thing than a writing thing. Snipping out the I feels can cut down on your I usage, but honestly who really notices this? Especially if the email is about I? And often it is? This brings us to the end of the tour. If you have any strong reactions to this or more tips on how to improve my email writery,12 or my writery in general... like many writers I am of the opinion that I suck at this please leave those in the comments. Seriously. I dont have any emails to respond to anymore and I am starving for new prompts. Please. Post Tagged #advice #bad advice? #emails virtually, i.e. I'm still blogging and stuff but there are not currently any urgent MIT-related items that require action on my part back to text ? I really need to work on my posture back to text ? I have also begun to crave metaphor. back to text ? I lost my silver brass rat in January and haven't started the process to get it replaced yet :/ back to text ? some concern about award adjustment for the uninsured as well as jobs at MIT being counted as part of the award; basically stuff I've been disgruntled about since before I even got to campus back to text ? p a t h o l o g y back to text ? tfw your boyfriend had Cheers playing in the background for the entire month of April back to text ? Important caveat: This is regarding my personal experience, as I'm sure it's not just Women who have these feelings, nor do even Women necessarily feel this way as a result of their Womanhood. In fact, I expressed these thoughts to a Man friend who related to a lot of these points, which makes me think this may just be a broader human experience thing. back to text ? Incoming students: prepare your Delete finger for the onslaught that is dormspam back to text ? we live in a society, man back to text ? or much more commonly when I'm reading someone/something for filth back to text ? or my writery in general... like many writers I am of the opinion that I suck at this back to text ?

Finding Natural Color For A Synthetic World - 726 Words

Cameron Wicks Ms. Suzanne Nielsen Introduction to Food Science 13 October 2015 Finding Natural Color in a Synthetic World When it comes to food, they say presentation I everything. â€Å"The food additives market is projected to hit $5.8 billion by 2018, as a result of more rapid growth in upcoming years led by natural color additives innovation, according to a new report from Packaged Facts† (â€Å"Natural Colors Leading Growth In Additives Market†, 1) To meet customer demand, many companies are trying to find adequate natural coloring alternatives for many synthetic color additives. While synthetic colors are more versatile and are easier to synthesize, switching to natural colors give companies that opportunity to capture the emerging market that wants a â€Å"clean label†. The journey to natural colorings is paved with controversies and new innovative techniques. Synthetic colors are the main source of the vibrant colors that are seen in today’s market. The biggest stigma surrounding synthetic colors is that they cause hyperactivity leading to disorders. Using a study conducted by the UK Food Safety Authority in 2007 â€Å"both the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority independently reviewed results†¦[and] concluded [that] the study does not confirm a correlation between the color additives used in the study and behavioral outcomes†(Mannie 81). Synthetic colors are also appealing to the food industry because they are more easily accessible. Many natural colors come from importedShow MoreRelatedConcerns On Toxicity Of Food Dyes1576 Words   |  7 Pagesartificial/synthetic food dyes are currently legal. Not all scientists agree on the adverse effects that these food dyes can possibly display. Due to recent studies, the British government has already banned food dyes in their country by the year 2009. In addition, th e European Parliament passed a law that requires a warning on all foods that do contain food dyes tested after July 20, 2010. Many parents are petitioning against these food dyes. These parents’ goal is to make artificial/synthetic food dyesRead MorePros And Cons Of Synthetic1372 Words   |  6 PagesPros and Cons of Synthetic â€Å"Turf† Fields Turf fields are shaping a better future for sports across the entire nation and the world. Across the country, more and more sports facilities, high school athletic complexes, etc. seem to be switching to synthetic turf fields. Artificial turf fields have become more popular over the course of the 2nd half of the 20th Century till the present day. Since they have become so popular, they have been studied closely to see what the differences are betweenRead MoreThe Food Of Organic Foods1413 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-organic foods we are eating or drinking every day. Finding out the truth of all the non-organic foods people have been giving their family versus the organic foods they should be giving their families, will have some people thinking twice about whether or not they should buy an organic product. There are many reasons why people should educate themselves with all the information regarding the benefits eating organically. Everyone around the world should embrace the avai lability of organic, naturallyRead MoreOrganic Food And Farming Benefits For Health826 Words   |  4 Pagesgrown or raised using little or no synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial chemicals. Instead, organic farmers try to work with natural processes to promote the health of their crops and livestock. For example, an organic farmer might apply compost (decaying plant material) instead of chemical fertilizer to replenish the soil. Instead of using pesticides, the farmer may rely on natural predators to control insect pests. (Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia) Some people choose organicRead MoreWater Is Essential For Life Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesessential for of life. It s difficult for most of us to imagine that clean water is not something that can be taken for granted, we just open the tap and here it is safe, clean and fresh water. But this won t be the case forever, in some countries, finding a reliable source of safe water is often time-consuming, in other countries they spend too much money to drink water form plastic bottles and yet we still taking it for granted and waste it even more. With the coming of the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSynthetic Food Dyes By Jackie Plum3216 Words   |  13 Pages Synthetic Food Dyes Jackie Plum Devry Universityâ€Æ' When my now six-year-old son was three, he was very hyperactive. He could not sit still and was always very emotional. Often, it would take a lot of effort to get him to do anything he was told. There were several times where he needed to be physically restrained in order to get him to calm down. After a few episodes at his preschool, one of the administrators suggested that we monitor his diet and remove synthetic food dyes from it. AfterRead MoreFeasibility of the Extract from Sibukaw (Caesalpinia Sappan) Wood as Textile Dye7093 Words   |  29 Pagesand petrochemicals. The chemical structure of dyes is relatively easy to modify, so many new colours and types of dyes have been synthesized. Natural dyes are used as an alternative of these expensive synthetic dyes. The dye was produced by boiling the sibukaw wood. The color of the extract produced was red. The extract of the sibukaw wood was used to color the clopman cloth. Then the extract was divided into halves. In the first hal f of the sibukaw wood extract, the cloths with mordant were soakedRead MoreConventional V. Natural.Cancer Treatment. By: Maryn Lara.1099 Words   |  5 PagesConventional v. Natural Cancer Treatment By: Maryn Lara Trant 6th Period 5/22/17 Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. As of 1990, there has been estimated 5 million people who have been taken by the disease. Every one of four people in the U.S will die of cancer, averaging at 1,500 people per day. There are many things in our daily lives that contribute to the growth and spread of cancer. The food and chemical industries take the blame. Naming it the â€Å"manRead MorePerfume Out of Rose Petals5375 Words   |  22 Pageswill have mild essence that may satisfy the smell of everyone. We are going to put it on a container in different sizes. IV. Importance of the Study They want to produce a perfume that may satisfy everyone. This perfume is natural that may not cause too much toxin. The researchers will do an experiment that will test the perfume if it may cause allergies or rushes. The more we focus in this project is, we can produce a perfume that is more affordable. It is made by the meansRead MoreThe Key Differences Between Organic Foods And Gmos1386 Words   |  6 Pagesconcludes with an overview of the topics discussed and key ideas which can aid in a solution of the argument given. The abbreviation GMO refers to a technique used to produce an organism or microorganism, by genetically engineering it. In today’s modern world, scientists are most commonly using this technology to pinpoint genes, isolate them, and then manipulating these genes to create crops with predetermined traits. This type of engineering in plant-based foods, stems from a desire to create foods which

Drug Treatment For Adolescents And Adolescents - 1732 Words

DRUG TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS 2 ABSTRACT Youths in the United States are using drugs more than ever and even at a younger age than the past. Reaching out to these younger addicts can be complicated. There are several ways to approach substance abuse treatment for youths. School counselors and parents are the first step to detecting the addiction. Then there is finding the right treatment for the youth. Assessment and continued treatment could include outpatient or in patient therapy. Depending on the addiction and the family support, treatment†¦show more content†¦When discussing drug treatment for our youths in the United States, it would seem fitting to look at the history of drug treatment and the rising problem of drug addiction in our youths today. These topics can tell a story of how far treatment has come when dealing with drug abuse in youths. It can also show the different and delicate approaches that are so different than drug abuse treatment in adults. So as we begin our journey into treatment of youth s and review the different treatment approaches, it will be clear the importance of drug treatment in their lives and futures. History Drug abuse in children and adolescents has been a problem since the past when drugs were used for aliments and now because of the ever present drug problem in our country. There is no community or family that is not affected by the use of drugs in their children. Drug abuse in children and teenagers may pose a greater problem for our country since they have not completely developed their brains to an adult level, with this in thought it seems clear why adolescents can become addicted drugs. (medilineplus, 2014). We know that alcohol and some drugs have been around for quite some time and were not even considered a problem. Actually drugs like cocaine and

Emerson and Individualism Free Essays

Why do some humans succumb to peer pressure and so desperately want to be a part of the popular crowd? Clearly, those who apply such behavior to their daily lives lose their sense of self-being and mold to the ideas, behaviors, and opinions of the masses. Although some people still conform, a large movement towards the Individual has begun to make an appearance. The successful beings of our society appear to think for themselves as well as participate in their own beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerson and Individualism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This tribute of our modern society today reflects the philosophy of Emerson: individualism. We decide our own fate based on our individual actions and decisions. By not conforming to the Ideas of others. Each person can reach their fullest potential happiness and contribute to society at a higher level. At one point in my high school career, I did anything and everything to fit In with the â€Å"popular† girls of my class. Every day, I worried that they would not like my outfit or that I would say something stupid. I constantly felt as If I were walking in a room full of broken glass, trying to avoid sharp shards with every step I took. It was not until this year that I realized what a folly I had participated in these last two years when a group of girls at my lunch table said nasty things about one of their friends when she left the table. At this point on, I decided I would find new friends. I didn’t choose friends In any particular formed group, only those who I enjoyed spending time around. This action granted me the power to be an individual. I fear no judgment of my beliefs nor my opinions and when I participate In any event, gossip, or beliefs, they are on my own accord, not to impress anyone, but to fulfill my peppiness of which I can only fulfill by being myself, an Individual. Another place to be an individual today is In one’s college applications. Upon visiting Princeton and several other schools of highly sought after education. I came home with the knowledge that the admission offices at these schools want to see a personality of each Individual and see this personality reflected in one’s activity choices throughout one’s high school career. When applying too highly ranked school, it is necessary in today’s day and age to incorporate individualism Into one’s fife so one can stand out in their applications and have success in admittance so one can pursue the lifestyle of one’s beliefs and hopes and use the education received to contribute what one Is capable of to society. Lastly, the interests and choice of daily actions of one’s life creates an individual. In centuries past, one who found Interest and had knowledge on topics unknown to all were shunned. Today, people seek out uncommon hobbies and interests to lead a more Interesting life than their friends, their coworkers, or next-door neighbors. Some choose to skydive while others dive into a world of romantic historic foreign films. I myself find a great Interest In the cultural histories of other nations as well as 1 OFF a love tort unusual toots such as sushi , liver pate, and escargot. Each person who can call one’s self an individual today has interests and participates in activities that define who he or she is. Emerson philosophy that focused upon the individual is present in our modern world. Many people have come to adopt this philosophy and apply it to their lifestyles. No longer does the common opinion influence and affect a majority of the masses. Will the increase in the use of technology lead to the loss of individualism in the future years to come? How to cite Emerson and Individualism, Papers

Individual Attribute in Work Setting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Individual Attribute in Work Setting. Answer: Introduction Individual attribute in work setting is a more complex phenomenon than it sounds. Various other factors are directly related to it for representing its outcome. The other directly related factors to it are work effort or motivation and organizational support. Attribute with combination of these two, results in job performance. Each supplements the other for achieving the best possible outcome. Again, these three factors are not constant. There is no exact formula achieving the desired outcome, as every individual is different form the other. Hence, different approaches in the equation need to be considering for different individuals. This essay is contribute to the explanation of various theories related to the three factors of job performances that are individual attribute, motivation and organizational contribution and how a proper combination of these can deliver the desired performance for any given organization. The theories in the essay are supported by various examples for bet ter understanding of the situations. In short, the study will be exploring the extent of individual attribute, work motivation and organizational support for identifying individual differences in job performance of the workers and how this experiences can facilitate into positioning a employee to his or her best suited role. Individual attribute, work motivation and organizational support are the three important pillars of job performance. Lack in on aspect down grads the overall job performance of the individual. Hence, it can be stated that these factors are inter related to one another and change in one aspect effects the other two. A sequential analysis of the theories will explain the effects of the factors in job settings. Work Motivation Theories Work motivation is a major contributor in job performance. Various theories are proposed by scholars over time. Maslows Need Hierarchy The theory is one on the pioneer in the field. The theory is based on the human needs that he classified in a hierarchical format (Pinder 2014). Maslow put physiological need at the bottom of the hierarchy pyramid followed by safety, social esteem needs placing the self-actualisation at the top of it. Physiological needs are the basic human needs that are food, clothing and shelter. Whereas, the safety needs are the economic and physical safety and security. Satisfaction of these needs require more monetary investment. The next one is the social needs that incorporate the social comfort. It is achieved by the socializing and belongingness. The good work environment of an organization can satisfy this particular need. Esteem needs include respect, confidence, strength, competence knowledge and many more. Last need in the Maslows hierarchy model is the self-actualization that represents the culmination of all the other needs of the lower levels. It can be seen as the individuals motiva tion for transforming perception of oneself into reality. According to Maslow, human tends to give priority in the following order and fulfilment of these needs will result into the better performance of the individual. Hence, if an organization give priority and fulfils the needs of the employees according to this hierarchy model they will be able to extract the most of the performance out of their employees (Niemela and Kim 2014) For example, if a person spends a long time without food will show inaccuracy in their work. It is seen that fresher tends to seek the lower level of needs. Whereas, a person in service for a longer time wants to meet the higher level of needs. Herzberg Theory He further extended Maslows work and proposed two factors that are motivators and hygiene. He put job satisfiers under the motivators and job dissatisfies in hygiene. Herzberg categorised achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, growth, work itself as the motivators and put company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, salary, status and security in the hygiene factor. According to him, the hygiene is not directly opposite to satisfaction, rather variable that can be turned into motivators. Also, these two factors are varied for person to person. The motivator for one can be hygiene for another and vice versa (Alston 2017). Example can be sited to explain the thought where a person might get adequate recognition that is a motivator but may not be satisfied with the responsibility come along. Internal motivational value of the individual comes into question in the case. Similarly, different individual may show different set of results. McClellands motivation theory This is yet another need based theory that identifies three needs, achievement, power and affiliation. The achievement need of a person is the behaviour that drives the individual to compete and achieve a standard of excellence. The need for power on the other hand is the desire of a person to supervise direct, control and lead the group. These individual consider of ordering people instead of taking them. The final need is the affiliation is believed to be the desire of an individual to establish and maintain a friendly and warm relation with the co-workers in the work place. It is observed that those who acquired any of it as per his/her desire perform differently than who has not (Chen et al. 2015). For example, if an employee receives acceptance and approval by the others in the work place can achieve the need for affiliation. McGregor X and Y Theory McGregor on the other hand developed his theory that identifies two distinct view based on participation of the workers. He put the negative view points towards the work into X theory, whereas, putting the positive ones in the Y. By the theory, he tried to draw the extremity outlines within which all the employees work. He stated that no man under any organization stays in either of the extremities and shows the traits of both. Men tend to swing from one trait to another based on the motivation gained from the environment. The variables that compose the X and Y theory are directly regulated by the organizational support (Lawter, Kopelman and Prottas 2015). For example, if the organization shows positive support and provide a homely environment to its employees, the employees will also consider their responsibilities and want their organization to succeed. Organizational Support Organizational support is another important element that contributes towards individual attribute. This theory finds organizational support necessary for achieving the benefits of increased work effort. The employees of the organization are concerned about the extent to which the organization values their contribution and actually cares for their well being. Different scholars viewed organizational support theory differently maintaining the core essence of its importance. Tsaia (2015) described organization support works as the antecedent to the positive feeling of the workers. A positive support will facilitate in bringing positive attitude of the worker toward their work. Another popular view held by the scholars that cooperative work culture is the core of organization support and facilitates in positive results. According to Chow et al. (2010) managerial patronages is important for employee perceptions and behaviour. Their view includes non-financial and financial support, organizational structure and task and relates them with the employee satisfaction and work performance (Alizadeh and Cheraghalizadeh 2015; Eisenberger and Stinglhamber 2011). The hotels are facing constant pressure to change according to the market need. The authority is hence constantly encouraging their employees to perform their best and fulfil their role as citizens (Chiang and Hsieh 2012) Individual Attribute No two person is alike every individual has unique attributes. It obviously affects the individuals and organizational overall performance. It includes internal motivation, gender, ethnic, ethical and class identity, religious, ethical and moral values, emotional, intellectual, physical and creative abilities and previous work experience. In short, individual attributes are embedded deeply into our personality that is hard to alter. On contrary, we can develop skills to overcome the situation. For example, it is hard to raise the IQ level of an individual, but one can always become more educated that will make up for the low IQ (Meyer et al. 2012). The characters of individual attributes can be as follows. Achievement attitude It is the degree of motivation in an individual. It often grows at the age of 25 30 and different external factors plays active role in altering the motivation. It can range from persistent to unmotivated attitude. Emotional temperament Emotions such as confidence, stable, insecure impatient are the ruler of our lives. Energy level It refers to the pace of our daily life. Some can be active and other can be slow in work that is directly reflected in the job performance. Intellectual factors It is the characteristics of our mind. It defines how we can understand things. A human mind can be alert, intelligent dull-witted. It is the capacity of our brain and hard to alter. Material attitudes It defines how we perceive our environment. Philosophical attitudes It is our way of thinking. It can be optimistic, pessimistic and many more. Maturity It is the level of ones wisdom and experience. Physical attitude The physical condition of our body has direct reflection in our work. Performance of a healthy person has considerable difference than a weak or sick person. Risk attitude It is the degree of concern one perceive and the necessary actions he or she takes to avoid the risk. Task performance It is the attitude towards problem and the method chosen for solving it. It can range from organized to careless (Guillaume, Brodbeck and Riketta 2012). Individual Attribution in relation with Motivation and Organizational support Individual relation, work motivation and organizational support play active role in the job performance. These three factors are inter related in such a manner that change in one can alter the other factors in relation. Individual attribute is the primary factor that ultimately affect in job performance (Eisenberger and Stinglhamber 2011). The other two factors can be considered as the regulators of individual attribute. Some of the characteristics in individual attribute cannot be alter such as intellectual factors and material attitudes. Whereas, the other characteristics can considerable be alter with proper use of organizational support and work motivation (Robinson 2012). For example, an insecure person can be motivated using the Maslows theory of need hierarchy. The satisfaction of security need will contribute in building confidence in one individual. This motivation can only be provided using the organizational support. Motivation can only be create if the organization is sup portive enough to consider the requirement of motivation in a particular field and support its employees to develop their attitude towards the work. Again, every individual shows different attributes in the work setting which needs to be dealt with different approach by the organization. Example can be cited in the approaches to motivate a lethargic individual to perform their task that will be different from dealing with physically weak person. The first problem can easily be solved with the achievement motivation approach proposed by McClelland. It will be the best way to motivate a lethargic person is to show them the achievable points in the organization. Whereas, satisfying the physiological needs is necessary for the organization to get the most of a weak person. It will motivate them to work for satisfying their own physiological needs. Case Studies A study conducted by Dr. Katuwal (2007) on 372 textile workers showed significant result. Different personal attributes were taken into consideration such as monthly additional income, experience, nature of employment skill level, educational attainment, marital status and number of dependants. The result showed positive results in the attributes of skill, age permanent employment status, experience and additional income. Whereas, negative result was noted in the individual attribute of marital status and the number of dependants of the worker. A case study conducted by Saragih (2015) on the Indonesian state owned Railway Company. The railway company, PT Kereta Api Indonesia was known for its low performance until 2009 that changed due to the leadership of Ignatius Jonan which is a significant example of individual attribute. The most common attributes that were found among the 47 individual under study were spiritual, hope, continuance, extraversion, altruism, courageous, contingent reward that facilitated in bringing change in the organization. The transformational leadership of Jonan is attributed for the change in the individual attribute. It is the direct result of organizational support and motivation provided by Jonan for developing the individual attributes which had shown direct impact on job performance. Application on Myself My personal attribute reflects some positive and negative aspects as mentioned in the above discussion. Some of my attributes plays positive role in work settings where as some reflects negative or unproductive results. My persistent attitude, confidence, energetic attitude and alert mind will show competence in performing tasks. Whereas my carelessness, immature, impulsive attitude can become hurdles for me in achieving the optimum performance in the organizational setting. With proper organizational support in motivation and coordination can help me overcoming them and provide my maximum effort towards my work. Organization can use the McGregors participation theory of motivation for solving the issues and place me in the right position in the organization with giving the right authority to get the maximum performance of me. Judging from my negative attribute, I can tell the managerial post will be a fail if the organization hires me as a leader of the organization. I will perform much better in the ground level acknowledging my positive attitudes. On the other hand, my positive attributes also shows competitiveness for the leadership role. In this point, the company needs to offer me the support and motivation required to overcome my flaws and deliver the desired outcome as a leader. Conclusion Different individual shows different combination of attributes in the personality. These variables attributes needs to be considered while hiring an individual for a specific role in the organizations. Different individual with different attributes can prove to perform better than others in particular role. Moreover, motivation and organizational support can direct the individual for providing better performance in the work setting. However, these motivational and organizational supports will vary from individual to individual as their personal attribute varies considerably. The organization needs to take different approach while dealing with individual. It is because the motivation and support required for one may not work on the other as discussed in the essay. There are different motivational theories as mentioned in the above essay and different need theories have been presented. Each individual shows specific motivation support and with proper approach these needs can be meet. A nother conclusion can be drawn from the above discussion that individual though attribute is more of a stable factor, but a considerable change can be achieved with the help of motivational support. Hence, the individual attribute, work motivation and organizational support are tightly interrelated to one another. These three factors together can deliver the best job performance. On contrary, lacking on one can fail in job performance and also job satisfaction. References Alizadeh, R.C. and Cheraghalizadeh, R., 2015. THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORTS ON JOB PERFORMANCE IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.Ejovoc (Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges),5(6), pp.86-91. Alston, J.K., 2017.Causes of Satisfaction and Disatisfaction for Diversity Resident Librarians-A Mixed Methods Study Using Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory(Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina). Bahadur Katuwal, S. and Randhawa, G., 2007. 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